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Reversal test
The reversal test is an attempted heuristic to reduce status quo bias.
==The reversal test==
The reversal test was introduced in the context of the bioethics of human enhancement by Nick Bostrom and Toby Ord.〔Nick Bostrom, Toby Ord (2006). "The reversal test: eliminating status quo bias in applied ethics". ''Ethics'' (University of Chicago Press) 116 (4): 656–679. http://www.nickbostrom.com/ethics/statusquo.pdf〕 Given that humans might suffer from irrational status quo bias, how can one distinguish between valid criticisms of proposed increase in some human trait and criticisms merely motivated by resistance to change? The reversal test attempts to do this by asking whether it would be a good thing if the trait was ''decreased'':
"''Reversal Test'': When a proposal to change a certain parameter is thought to have bad overall consequences, consider a change to the same parameter in the opposite direction. If this is also thought to have bad overall consequences, then the onus is on those who reach these conclusions to explain why our position cannot be improved through changes to this parameter. If they are unable to do so, then we have reason to suspect that they suffer from status quo bias." (p. 644)
Ideally the test will help reveal whether status quo bias is an important causal factor in the initial judgement.
A similar thought experiment in regards to dampening traumatic memories was described by Adam J. Kolber, imagining whether aliens naturally resistant to traumatic memories should adopt traumatic "memory enhancement".〔Kolber, Adam J., Therapeutic Forgetting: The Legal and Ethical Implications of Memory Dampening. ''Vanderbilt Law Review'', Vol. 59, p. 1561, 2006; San Diego Legal Studies Paper No. 07-37 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=887061〕 The "trip to reality" rebuttal to Nozick's experience machine thought experiment (where one's entire current life is shown to be a simulation and one is offered to return to reality) can also be seen as a form of reversal test.〔Dan Weijers, Intuitive Biases in Judgments about Thought Experiments: the Experience Machine Revisited, ''Philosophical Writings'', No. 50 & No. 51, Summer & Autumn 2011 http://danweijers.com/pdf/Intuitive%20Biases%20in%20Judgments%20about%20Thought%20Experiments%20%28Dan%20Weijers%29.pdf〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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